Oracle12C安装文档_李光升

ORACLE12C静默安装操作手册

1. 安装准备

1.1操作系统

[root@tqls ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

![](/media/202209//1664334949.57882.png)

配置yum源，修改centos7.repo文件。

![](/media/202209//1664334949.6084728.png)

1.2 关闭防火墙

# 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service

# 禁止防火墙开机启动

systemctl disable firewalld.service

# 查看防火墙状态

systemctl status firewalld.service

![](/media/202209//1664334949.6402507.png)

1.3 关闭Selinux

# 替换文本参数

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

# 查文本状态

grep SELINUX=disabled /etc/selinux/config

#关闭当前SELINUX

setenforce 0

![](/media/202209//1664334949.6681888.png)

1.4 安装必要依赖包

yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 ksh libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libXext libXext.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 libXi libXi.i686 make sysstat

1.5创建运行oracle数据库的用户组和系统用户

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle

passwd oracle

>>12345678

>>12345678 //输入两次密码，设置生效

1.6修改内核参数

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4098955264

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip\_local\_port\_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem\_default = 262144

net.core.rmem\_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem\_default = 262144

net.core.wmem\_max = 1048576

sysctl -p

1.7修改用户限制

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 10240

1.8修改环境变量

vim /etc/profile

if [ "$USER" = "oracle" ]; then

if [ "$SHELL" = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536a

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

1.9创建安装及数据目录

mkdir -p /tqls\_system/app/oracle

mkdir -p /tqls\_system/app/oracle/product/12/db\_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /tqls\_system/

chown -R oracle:oinstall /tqls\_system/app/oracle/oraInventory

chmod -R 775 /tqls\_system/

source ~/.bash\_profile

把文件里面export PATH这行删除，替换上面的语句

1. 安装ORACLE12C

2.1解压安装文件，并修改参数配置

cd /home/oracle

unzip linuxx64\_12201\_database.zip

mv -f /home/oracle/database /oracle/

* 修改db\_install.rsp为安装响应文件

cd /oracle/database/response

vim db\_install.rsp

[oracle@tqls etc]$ cat db\_install.rsp |grep -vE '^$|#'

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt\_dbinstall\_response\_schema\_v12.2.0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL\_DB\_SWONLY

UNIX\_GROUP\_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY\_LOCATION=/tqls\_system/app/oracle/oraInventory

ORACLE\_HOME=/tqls\_system/app/oracle/product/12/db\_1

ORACLE\_BASE=/tqls\_system/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.OSDBA\_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSOPER\_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA\_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA\_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA\_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA\_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.rac.configurationType=

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER\_NODES=

oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=

oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=

oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolName=

oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolCardinality=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL\_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl

oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=

oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=10240

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsHost=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminUser=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

MYORACLESUPPORT\_USERNAME=

MYORACLESUPPORT\_PASSWORD=

SECURITY\_UPDATES\_VIA\_MYORACLESUPPORT=false

DECLINE\_SECURITY\_UPDATES=true

PROXY\_HOST=

PROXY\_PORT=

PROXY\_USER=

PROXY\_PWD=

COLLECTOR\_SUPPORTHUB\_URL=

[oracle@tqls etc]$

2.2静默安装oracle

cd /oracle/database

./runInstaller -responseFile /oracle/database/response/db\_install.rsp -silent -ignorePrereq -showProgress

![](/media/202209//1664334949.7077904.png)

2.3切换到root用户，修改数据库配置

su - root

/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/oracle/product/12.2.0/db\_1/root.sh

2.4配置监听程序，并修改配置参数

su oracle

source ~/.bash\_profile

修改netca.rsp为监听器响应文件

Su - oracle

netca -silent -responsefile /oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

[oracle@tqls etc]$ ls

dbca.rsp db\_install.rsp netca.rsp

[oracle@tqls etc]$ cat netca.rsp |grep -vE '^$|#'

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE\_VERSION="12.2"

CREATE\_TYPE="CUSTOM"

[oracle.net.ca]

INSTALLED\_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}

INSTALL\_TYPE=""typical""

LISTENER\_NUMBER=1

LISTENER\_NAMES={"LISTENER"}

LISTENER\_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}

LISTENER\_START=""LISTENER""

NAMING\_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}

NSN\_NUMBER=1

NSN\_NAMES={"EXTPROC\_CONNECTION\_DATA"}

NSN\_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}

NSN\_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

[oracle@tqls etc]$

2.5启动监听

lsnrctl start

lsnrctl status

![](/media/202209//1664334949.7388878.png)

2.6静默DBCA创建库

修改dbca.rsp为创建数据库响应文件

执行静默建库命令

cd /oracle/database

dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

[oracle@tqls etc]$ cat dbca.rsp |grep -vE '^$|#'

responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt\_dbca\_response\_schema\_v12.2.0

gdbName=ips

sid=ips

databaseConfigType=

RACOneNodeServiceName=

policyManaged=

createServerPool=

serverPoolName=

cardinality=

force=

pqPoolName=

pqCardinality=

createAsContainerDatabase=

numberOfPDBs=

pdbName=

useLocalUndoForPDBs=

pdbAdminPassword=

nodelist=

templateName=General\_Purpose.dbc

sysPassword=oracle

systemPassword=oracle

oracleHomeUserPassword=

emConfiguration=

emExpressPort=5500

runCVUChecks=

dbsnmpPassword=

omsHost=

omsPort=

emUser=

emPassword=

dvConfiguration=

dvUserName=

dvUserPassword=

dvAccountManagerName=

dvAccountManagerPassword=

olsConfiguration=

datafileJarLocation=

datafileDestination=/tqls\_system/app/oracle/oradata

recoveryAreaDestination=/tqls\_system/app/oracle/flash\_recovery\_area

storageType=

diskGroupName=

asmsnmpPassword=

recoveryGroupName=

characterSet=AL32UTF8

nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16

registerWithDirService=

dirServiceUserName=

dirServicePassword=

walletPassword=

listeners=

variablesFile=

variables=

initParams=

sampleSchema=

memoryPercentage=

databaseType=

automaticMemoryManagement=false

totalMemory=0

[oracle@tqls etc]$

执行过程中出现的问题

[FATAL] [DBT-10503] 指定的模板文件无效，需要填写templateName值

![](/media/202209//1664334949.77434.png)

当内存大于4G的时候，需要automaticMemoryManagement=FALSE

![](/media/202209//1664334949.8037946.png)

![](/media/202209//1664334949.832178.png)

1. 安装完成

3.1测试登录

[oracle@tqls etc]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-SEP-2022 10:30:06

Starting /tqls\_system/app/oracle//product/12/db\_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /tqls\_system/app/oracle//product/12/db\_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /tqls\_system/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/tqls/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.2.9.148)(PORT=1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.2.9.148)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias LISTENER

Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date 23-SEP-2022 10:30:08

Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level off

Security ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP OFF

Listener Parameter File /tqls\_system/app/oracle//product/12/db\_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File /tqls\_system/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/tqls/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.2.9.148)(PORT=1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully

[oracle@tqls etc]$ cat ~/.bash\_profile

# .bash\_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

export ORACLE\_BASE=/tqls\_system/app/oracle/

export ORACLE\_HOME=$ORACLE\_BASE/product/12/db\_1

export ORACLE\_SID=ips

export PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/bin:$PATH

export NLS\_LANG=AMERICAN\_AMERICA.UTF8

export LANG=en\_US.UTF-8

alias sql='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias lsnrctl='rlwrap lsnrctl'

alias rman='rlwrap rman'

[oracle@tqls etc]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 23 10:31:32 2022

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1191182336 bytes

Fixed Size 8620032 bytes

Variable Size 436209664 bytes

Database Buffers 738197504 bytes

Redo Buffers 8155136 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> select open\_mode from v$database;

OPEN\_MODE

------------------------------------------------------------

READ WRITE

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------------------------------

OPEN

# Oracle库操作

sqlplus / as sysdba // 登录数据库

alter user sys identified by orcl; //改sys超级管理员密码

alter user system identified by orcl； //改system管理员密码

exit // 退出数据库

sqlplus sys/orcl as sysdba //使用sys超级管理员登录数据库

startup // 启动数据库

执行启动过程问题

ORA-01081: 无法启动已在运行的 ORACLE

SQL> startup nomount

ORA-01081: 无法启动已在运行的 ORACLE - 请首先关闭它

sql>shutdown immediate关闭再进行

sql>startup nomount重新开启就可以了

注：每次虚拟机重启执行命令都要开启监听，打开数据库

su - oracle #切换到oracle用户

lsnrctl start #开启监听

sqlplus / as sysdba

startup

oracle12c sqlplus乱码  
在./base\_profile中追加字符集环境变量

export NLS\_LANG=AMERICAN\_AMERICA.UTF8

export LANG=en\_US.UTF-8

1. 优化和维护

4.1开机自启动数据库

把上面的步骤放到开机自动执行，切换root用户执行下面语句

#修改此文件，让sqlplus / as sysdba；startup；不用手动执行

vim /etc/oratab

#这里把N改成Y，数据库开机自动打开

orcl:/oracle/product/12.2.0/db\_1:N

#修改此文件，数据库监听和服务开机自启

vim /etc/rc.local

#与安装目录相关

su - oracle -lc "/oracle/product/12.2.0/db\_1/bin/lsnrctl start"

#与安装目录相关

修改DB启动配置文件(安装目录中的dbstart文件)

su - oracle -lc /oracle/product/12.2.0/db\_1/bin/dbstart

#将ORACLE\_HOME\_LISTNER=$1中的$1修改为/oracle/product/12.2.0/db\_1/

#oracle安装路径

vim /oracle/product/12.2.0/db\_1/bin/dbstart

4.2DBCA静默删除数据库实例

dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourcedb orcl -sid orcl -sysDBAUserName orcl -sysDBAPassword orcl

正在连接到数据库

4% 已完成

9% 已完成

14% 已完成

19% 已完成

23% 已完成

28% 已完成

47% 已完成

正在更新网络配置文件

48% 已完成

52% 已完成

正在删除实例和数据文件

76% 已完成

100% 已完成